The label recognises particularly energy-efficient products. It is based on the energy-saving criteria of the EPA and the US Department of Energy. They refer primarily to the energy consumption of the appliances. Manufacturers who use the label verify themselves whether their product meets the requirements. The measurement results are reported to the competent authority (in EU countries, the European Commission). They are tested on a sample basis.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established Energy Star in 1992. It is an international and voluntary labelling programme. Since 2002, the European Union is also a participant.

Energy consumption requirements are the main focus of the label. Therefore, it cannot be compared with standards whose concern is the protection of the environment or the improvement of working conditions.